The ongoing transformation of the automotive sector is in part driven by factors such as the unrelenting onslaught of electric/hybrid powertrain technologies, in-vehicle and networked software applications, rising demand for electric vehicles, and the emergence of new entrants like Tesla and...

Modern high and ultra-high strength bainitic steels derive their strength from fine and ultra-fine bainitic ferrite grains in which the contribution from precipitation strengthening is of paramount importance. In the present work the strengthening potential of V, Nb, Ti and Cu has been evaluated...

The chemical composition and wire-rod production process of low-carbon, precipitation-strengthened bainitic steels were specially designed for the production of cold-headed products without heat-treating operations. The chemical composition of the bainitic steel was developed using high Ti...