Using an exhaustive database with labour, accounting and financial market information on French firms (1994-2000), the authors analyse the causes and the consequences of a workforce reduction in 1996 - the year chosen as reference - on firms' performance in a long term perspective. One important...

This paper is an attempt to understand how rules operate in organisations. I focus on the links between organisational routines and rules that are defined as incomplete since they come to their application. I analyse the role of routines in managing the incompleteness of rules. I present a case...

Using a large annual data base of French firms (1994-2000), this article examines the determinants of a workforce reduction of publicly-listed and non-listed companies and their consequences on firm performance. Firstly, workforce reduction appears to be a defensive response to an adverse...

In 19th century France, the long working hours, produced worse conditions for the working classes even at times when real wages were increasing. In our view, the analysis of the process of decreasing of working hours, consists of identifying very long working hours as externalities. We show that...

This paper emphasises an underestimated hypothesis -health considerations- explaining the reduction of working time in the 19th century in France. The first part is devoted to the rising wage and the declining health. In the second part, we show that the deterioration of living conditions was a...

Ce papier s'appuie sur des observations faites à plusieurs années d'intervalle dans un établissement de la RATP où une règle salariale a été introduite. Dans une première partie, nous montrons que la question pertinente n'est pas de savoir si la règle est suivie, mais comment les...

In 19th century France, the long working hours produced worse conditions for the working classes. In our perspective, and that is new, the labour market produced massive externalities which it could not control. In our view, and it is the purpose of this paper, the analysis of the process of...

Alors que nombreux sont les économistes qui estiment que les prix ne sont pas les seuls outils de coordination et que les règles ou le commandement hiérarchique est nécessaire, la théorie économique a étudié de façon théorique et abstraite la façon dont les règles opèrent. Or, si...

[fre] Les conditions de la confiance. Réflexions à partir du rapport salarial. . Si l'on considère que la confiance est une croyance à propos d'une relation, comment savoir si autrui agit pour garantir son intention d'honorer sa confiance ou seulement pour donner une intention de garantie....