As a result of legal and regulatory requirements, audit firms in certain jurisdictions have recently started issuing transparency reports containing information on audit firm governance. In this study we investigate whether audit firm governance disclosure is associated with actual audit...

In this paper, we investigate whether business start-ups in need for external financing manage their earnings in the years prior to obtaining a first bank loan. Newly established firms typically face valuable growth opportunities whereas their external financing sources usually are limited to...

We examine whether the debt maturity structure of privately held firms is associated with the quality of their earnings numbers. We argue that earnings numbers that are better able to predict future cash flows lower information asymmetry between privately held firms and their creditors,...