By 1981, Japan achieved both internal and external equilibrium; exports and imports roughly balanced at sixteen percent of the gross national product. However, within the country, there was concern that the growth in the government, accompanied by raising budget deficits, would make it...

This paper presents an international comparison of R&D activities in basic and applied research. The commonly-held view that Japan is not spending much on basic technology development cannot be empirically substantiated from the study of the historical trends. However, the fact that in the...

Modigliani and Miller present an equity-quantity shifting equilibrating process to achieve an optimal firm value in the presence of corporate taxes. However, in the era in which they derived their various propositions regarding the relation between a firm's value and its capital structure,...

This paper presents and estimates a multifactor model of bank stock returns that incorporates market return, interest rate and exchange rate risk factors. A model of the optimizing behavior of an international banking tirm is used to derive the sensitivity coefficients of the alternative...

Invoking the same assumptions as Modigliani and Miller (1963), we demonstrate that their debt-only corner solution is not a unique equilibrium and furthermore that an alternative equilibrium exists in which capital structure is irrelevant for determining shareholder value. Our equilibrium...

Modigliani and Miller present an equity-quantity shifting equilibrating process to achieve an optimal firm value in the presence of corporate taxes. However, in the era in which they derived their various propositions regarding the relation between a firm’s value and its capital structure,...

In this paper we develop a model of the banking firm that enables us to test for portfolio separation. Our theoretical model generalizes existing intertemporal adjustment-cost models by assuming that these costs coexist simultaneously on both sides of the bank's balance sheet. The optimal...

Modigliani and Miller (1963) present an equity-quantity shifting equilibrating process to achieve an optimal firm value. However, in the era in which they derived their various propositions regarding the relation between a firm's value and its capital structure, well-capitalized takeover...

This article deals with the empirical analyses of the growth for the United States and Japan from 1970 to 2005. Following our analysis in "Quantity or Quality: The Impact of Labor-saving Innovation on US and Japanese Growth Rates, 1960-2004" (March 2007), we applied the same method to a...