Formulary apportionment does not attempt to undertake a transactional division of a highly integrated multinational entity. Rather, it allocates income to the jurisdictions based on an economically justifiable formula. Opposition to formulary apportionment is generally based on the argument that...

In response to developments in international trade and an increased focus on international transfer-pricing issues, Canada’s minister of finance announced in the 1997 budget that the Department of Finance would undertake a review of the transfer-pricing provisions in the Income Tax Act. On...

The limited impact made by foreign banks in the Australian retail banking sector has been described as "one of the disappointments" of the deregulation of the Australian financial system. Changes have since taken place. This article examines the current position of foreign bank branches in...

The evolution of capital gains taxation in Australia parallels that in Canada in many respects. Federal income taxes were adopted in both countries during the First World War, and in both jurisdictions the courts interpreted the term "income," the subject of taxation, using United Kingdom...

Multinational financial institutions (MNFIs) play a significant role in financing the activities of their clients in developing nations. Consistent with the ‘follow-the-customer' phenomenon which explains financial institution expansion, these entities are increasingly profiting from...

In an era in which countries seem to be retreating, sometimes at a rapid pace, toward source-based taxation, the importance of a sharp distinction between resident and nonresident companies becomes less obvious. In this context, the proposal by the Australian government in its 2020 budget to...

The issue of corporate accountability is as old as the corporate form. Regulators have conventionally sought to ensure corporate financial accountability by requiring companies to make public financial disclosures, with shareholders and creditors able to act on that information in their dealings...

World events in the first decade of this century led many to question the state of the international tax regime and the role it could play in solving national fiscal problems. In 2012, leaders of the Group of 20 (G20) set the OECD an ambitious agenda of working out how tax base erosion and...

On 21 September 1999 Division 152 was inserted into the Income Tax Assessment Act (1997) (ITAA 1997). Division 152 contains the small business CGT concessions, which enables eligible small business taxpayers to reduce the amount of tax payable on capital gains arising from certain CGT events...

As part of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project, country-by-country reporting (CbCR) has been promoted as a mechanism to enhance transparency with respect to the operations and tax planning activities of large multinational...