The Single Market in financial services has increasingly been used for geoeconomic purposes, that range from incipient geoeconomic use to outward weaponization of the Single Market in finance. This geoeconomic usage can be illustrated in a few salient cases that involve the EU and other...

This paper analyses the underlying reasons for the creation of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) and its subsequent development in recent years. The paper examines the economic and political factors behind it, including the role of economic ideas, experts, politicians, institutional...

It is often argued that economic and monetary union (EMU) was created due to the efforts and interests of larger Member States. This article argues that the Belgian and Dutch contributions indicate that small countries played a significant role in the creation of EMU. Both countries wanted to...

In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, major financial support has been pledged to Member States. This funding draws on the EU's multiannual financial framework and the ‘NextGenerationEU' with, at its core, the temporary ‘Recovery and Resilience Facility' (RRF). While some reporting templates...

In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, major financial support has been pledged to Member States. This funding draws on the EU’s multiannual financial framework and the ‘NextGenerationEU’ with, at its core, the temporary ‘Recovery and Resilience Facility’ (RRF). While some reporting...

The Single Market in financial services has increasingly been used for geoeconomic purposes, that range from incipient geoeconomic use to outward weaponization of the Single Market in finance. This geoeconomic usage can be illustrated in a few salient cases that involve the EU and other...