This chapter provides an overview of the most successful ADR model in the EU for resolving consumer disputes: the ombudsman model. After introducing the differences and similarities of both public sector and private sector ombudsman schemes, a comparison of existing consumer ombudsman models in...

The International Energy Agency estimates that $24.5 trillion of energy efficiency (EE) investments will be needed through 2040. Debt- and self-financed projects are expected to contribute only a third of this capital due to multiple barriers. On the one hand, self-financed projects require...

We build, calibrate and simulate a stylized energy-economy model designed to evaluate the magnitude of carbon tax that would allow the French economy to reduce by a factor of four its CO2 emissions at a forty-year horizon. We estimate the substitution possibilities between fossil energy and...