The gatekeeper platforms regulated by the European Union's Digital Markets Act (DMA) must comply with the law as of 6 March 2024. The DMA requires that core platform services create and make available interfaces that allow business users to access end users via the platform at lower cost and on...

Entry by rival app stores on the two currently available mobile operating systems is an exciting potential benefit of the European Union's Digital Markets Act (DMA). Apple and Google will need to share the technical specifications of their interfaces with developers and offer them the same...

Competitiveness is a region's ability to achieve high productivity, attracting businesses, creating jobs and fostering innovation. It stems from efficiently using resources, is driven by competitive markets and is supported by three pillars: competition policy, procompetitive industrial policy...

Antitrust cases against Amazon in the United States reveal that the e-commerce giant has developed algorithms that mimic price protection contracts called MFNs (from mostfavoured nations, a term borrowed from international trade), despite the company saying publicly that it ended the contracts...

The European Union's Digital Markets Act (DMA) includes interoperability requirements for messaging services but not for personal social networking platforms. These gatekeeper platforms have seen little increase in competition under the DMA. Interoperability requirements - meaning different...

Many industries are characterized by heterogeneous objectives on the part of firm owners. Owners of private firms, in particular, are likely to maximize utility, rather than profits. In this paper, we model and measure motivations of owners in on particular industry, the California wine...