The theory of technological evolution and organizational lock-in are based on an empirical foundation where technology is manifested in a tangible product. However, in industries producing chemicals, services, art, health care, or complex product systems, the technological design of the product...

From resilience perspective, it is important for supply chains to have multiple suppliers in order to maintain a high level of operational performance. On the contrary, keeping multiple suppliers are expensive from purchasing perspective, because, large amount of internal resources are required...

This paper studies the use of product development management models. Through an interpretive research approach based on in-depth interviews with 22 middle managers in two product development organizations, five ways of conceiving projects, project management and the role of models are identified...

Outcome-based contracts (OBCs) are frequently seen as the most advanced level of service offering that product firms offer. To deliver OBCs, product firms have to shift from the traditional product business model (PBM) to adopting an outcome business model (OBM). This constitutes a major change...