https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40319-020-00914-1.pdfArticle 36 of the EU Payment Services Directive 2 No. 2015/2366 (hereinafter also referred to as PSD2) awards digital operators, called third party payment providers (TPPs), the right to freely access users' payment accounts...

This paper analyses the European Commission's Proposal for a Directive on copyright in the Digital Single Market of 14 September 2016. After a critical overview of the proposal, that fails to provide a real - long awaited - reform of European copyright law, the paper focuses on the most salient...

The exclusive protection of shapes (three-dimensional in particular) as trademarks of products, raises serious concerns about its possible negative impact on competition. The analysis of the European legal framework focuses on the risk of systemic impasse and over-protectionist consequences...