This paper discusses Morocco's Ex Post Evaluation of Exceptional Access Under the 2012 Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL) Arrangement. The Ex Post Evaluation confirms that the 2012-14 PLL arrangement was consistent with the PLL qualification standards and requirements under the exceptional...

This Selected Issues paper looks at links between Indonesia's commodities sector and recent corporate sector and banking system performance. On the production side, oil and natural gas output has fallen since 2010, with existing fields in decline, while production of coal, palm oil, and rubber...

This paper analyses demand for M2 in Malaysia from August 1973 to December 1995 under both the closed- and open-economy framework. Based on the cointegration and weak-exogeneity test results, short-run dynamic error-correction models are specified and estimated. The results indicate that the...

A stable money demand forms the cornerstone in formulating and conducting monetary policy. Consequently, numerous theoretical and empirical studies have been conducted in both industrial and developing countries to evaluate the determinants and the stability of the money demand function. This...

This paper evaluates the demand for broad money (M2) in The Gambia for January 1988-June 2007. There appears to be a long-run relationship for demand for real M2, but the relationship is not stable. Exogenous output shocks, financial innovation, changes in income velocity, and inadequate data...