Concurrently with the end of the second wave of the coronavirus pandemic, European democracies have progressively relaxed the restrictions on social mobility following the decrease in disease indexes. Did the exit speed from pandemic restrictions substantially differ across governments? This...

The purpose of this paper is to analyse patient's mobility across Italian regions. A modified gravity model of patient migration is specified and estimated using panel observations covering mobility and other main regional quality indicators over the period 1994-1997. Despite the high level of...

This paper analyzes the welfare losses deriving from centralized, uniform levels of public provision of good and services deriving from standards set up by a given level of government. The aim of the paper is to contribute to the growing literature on the e?ective outcomes of decentralization by...

Colombia is neither waging war against external enemies, nor has a dictatorial government engaged in a large scale repression of insurrection. However, it is possibly the most violent country of the world. Despite a number of papers focusing on the effects of violence on democracy in Colombia,...

Concurrently with the end of the second wave of the coronavirus pandemic, European democracies have progressively relaxed the restrictions on social mobility following the decrease in disease indexes. Did the exit speed from pandemic restrictions substantially differ across governments? This...

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to...

A weakness of decentralization and overall tax reforms in Latin America is the lack of attention to adequate taxation at the subnational government. A reliance on shared taxes with extensive earmarking leads to weak subnational accountability and soft budget constraints. The paper explores the...