The gravity model has been extensively used in international trade research for the last 40 years because of its considerable empirical robustness and explanatory power. Since their introduction in the 1960's, gravity models have been used for assessing trade policy implications and,...

Bus lanes have been widely implemented internationally for improving the performance and quality-of service of surface transit systems. Despite their importance to a city’s transit system, bus lanes are frequently violated by road users resulting in subpar service standards. Using extensive...