This study attempts to provide benchmarks of North Korean institutional changes that signal the increased role of markets, looking at macroeconomic management, introduction of market-supporting policies, and provision of market-supporting infrastructure. The weight of the evidence indicates that...

Although the Parks (1967) estimator for a SUR model with AR disturbances is efficient both asymptotically and in small samples, Kmenta and Gilbert (1970) and more recently Beck and Katz (1995) note that estimated standard errors tend to be biased downward as compared with the true variability of...

This paper describes the relationship between a youth’s residence at age sixteen and the likelihood he eventually enlists in the military. Data from the NLSY97 show that white youths raised in two parent families are less likely to enlist than those raised in other family structures. Black...

Do Russian federal expenditures serve to reduce regional inequality, to insure against exogenous shocks, or to compensate regions for low tax capacity? Do sub-national governments appear to engage in strategic behavior in attempting to influence central governmental transfers? Using a panel data...