In 2020, the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ("TRIPS Agreement") marked its 25th anniversary. There was, however, little reason for celebration. The COVID-19 pandemic had plunged the world economy in an unprecedented crisis. In April 2020, the IMF predicted...

The World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system, established in 1995, is the youngest of the systems of international adjudication discussed in this book. In spite of its successful functioning over the past 25 years, it is today, however, also a system in crisis, due to the demise...

One of the principal achievements of the GATT Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations (1986-1994), which resulted in the establishment of the World Trade Organization ("WTO"), was the creation of a ground-breaking system for the resolution of trade disputes between WTO Members. This...

Economic nationalism and anti-globalist unilateralism have been on the rise in recent years. The most obvious and consequential examples of this trend are the trade policy measures taken by the United States which undermine the rules-based multilateral trading system. Among these measures, one...

PHEVs and BEVs make use of battery cells optimized for high energy rather than for high power. This means that the power abilities of these batteries are limited. In order to enhance their performance, a hybrid Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) architecture can be used combining...

The Peukert relationship was originally introduced in 1897 for lead-acid batteries and defines one of the most common parameters for battery performance evaluation. This article assesses its application for lithium-ion batteries. From the performed analysis, we can conclude that the Peukert...

In this paper, the performances of various lithium-ion chemistries for use in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have been investigated and compared to several other rechargeable energy storage systems technologies such as lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride and electrical-double layer capacitors. The...