Critical values for a test for cointegration are generated based on the joint significance of the levels terms in an error-correction equation. It is shown that the appropriate critical values are higher than those derived from the standard F-distribution. The power properties of this test are...

In this paper we generate critical values for a test for cointegration based on the joint significance of the levels terms in an error correction equation. We show that the appropriate critical values are higher than those derived from the standard F-distribution. We compare the power properties...

Background: Forestry products and forestry organizations play an essential role in our lives and significantly contribute to the global economy. They are also being impacted by the rapid development of advanced technologies and Industry 4.0. More specifically, several technologies associated...

Economists and financial commentators often refer to the exchange rate when theydiscuss the economic situation. However, for each currency there are as many exchangerates as there are other currencies and it is difficult to judge which if any should beconsidered the most important. In this...

Most products go through a life-cycle with certain common features across a wide rangeof different industries. In the early stages a new product has relatively few outlets and isoften viewed as a luxury item by consumers. Sales are therefore low and prices are highwhen it first appears on the...

Inflation has always been a key policy concern for governments. It is generally agreedthat a persistently rising price level causes disruption to the smooth operation of theeconomy and reduces the efficiency of the price mechanism. Moreover bringing downinflation is costly in that it can result...

This paper uses Monte Carlo methods to investigate the effects of asymmetric adjustment on estimates of the parameters of the equilibrium relationship between a set of variables.We demonstrate that simple least squares estimates and the implicit estimates from a symmetric error correction model...

This article estimates limited dependent variable models for Bank of England monetary policy using monthly data over the period June 1997–March 2003. During this period the Bank had operational independence to set the interest rate in order to meet the inflation target set by the government....