We test three hypotheses regarding changes in supervisory "toughness" and their effects on bank lending. The data provide modest support for all three hypotheses that there was an increase in toughness during the credit crunch period (1989-1992), that there was a decline in toughness during the...

We test three hypotheses regarding changes in supervisory toughness' and their effects on bank lending. The data provide modest support for all three hypotheses that there was an increase in toughness during the credit crunch period (1989-1992), that there was a decline in toughness during the...

We test three hypotheses regarding changes in supervisory quot;toughnessquot; and their effects on bank lending. The data provide modest support for all three hypotheses that there was an increase in toughness during the credit crunch period (1989-1992), that there was a decline in toughness...

We test three hypotheses regarding changes in supervisory toughness' and their effects on bank lending. The data provide modest support for all three hypotheses that there was an increase in toughness during the credit crunch period (1989-1992), that there was a decline in toughness during the...

We examine the effects of over 6,000 M&As involving more than 10,000 banks on small business lending. We are the first to decompose the impact of M&As into static effects associated with a simple melding of the antecedent institutions and dynamic effects associated with post-M&A refocusing of...

We examine the effects of bank Mamp;As on small business lending. Our methodology permits empirical analysis of the great majority of U.S. bank Mamp;As since the late 1970s -- over 6,000 Mamp;As involving over 10,000 banks (some active banks are counted multiple times). We are the first to...

We examine the effects of bank Mamp;As on small business lending using data on over 6,000 recent U.S. bank Mamp;As. We are the first to decompose the impact of Mamp;As into static effects from simply melding the antecedent institutions, and dynamic effects associated with post-Mamp;A refocusing...

We examine the effects of bank Mamp;As on small business lending. Our methodology permits empirical analysis of the vast majority of U.S. bank Mamp;As since the late 1970s -- over 6,000 Mamp;As involving over 10,000 banks (some active banks are counted multiple times). We are the first to...