We model energy demand across five end-use sectors and 15 energy products in Saudi Arabia, generating comprehensive price and income elasticity estimates. Using the Structural Time Series Model, we demonstrate that the trends underlying energy demand are generally stochastic, underscoring the...

Exploring how finance can better support Grassroots Innovations (GIs), community-led solutions for net-zero transitions, we examine finance’s role in the case of UK community energy (CE) across three ‘diffusion pathways’: niche replication (growth in the numbers of projects), individual...

While countries increasingly commit to pricing greenhouse gases directly through carbon taxes or emissions trading systems, indirect forms of carbon pricing-such as fuel excise taxes and fuel subsidy reforms-remain important factors affecting the mitigation incentives in an economy. Taken...

Following high-profile United Nations climate summits in Glasgow and Paris, sub-national regions and cities are increasingly seeking to set climate targets and policies in line with the Paris Agreement's goals. Downscaled carbon budgets are a useful framework for setting local mitigation targets...

Following high profile United Nations climate summits in Glasgow and Paris, sub-national regions and cities are increasingly seeking to set climate targets and policies in line with the Paris Agreement’s goals. Downscaled carbon budgets are a useful framework for setting local mitigation...

The Scottish milk chain is the highest green house gas emitter out of the dairy chain. This paper studies the effect of prices on household carbon footprints of both Scottish urban and rural households and the subsequent demand for milk products. Household time series data for 2006–2011 and...

This paper presents a computer based simulation model which analyses the dynamics of public perceptions of risk using Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) ('mad cow disease') in the UK as a case study. The model is based upon a theoretically-derived understanding of the concept of perception...

The direct public funding of R&D investment to stimulate technological innovation has a strong theoretical case and has gained renewed attention in the recent policy debate as a way to address the long-term challenges of modern society such as pandemics, climate change, and the transition to a...