A quantization procedure for the Yang-Mills equations for the Minkowski space R 1,3 is carried out in such a way that fi eld maps satisfying Wightman axioms of Constructive Quantum Field Theory can be obtained. Moreover, by removing the infrared and ultraviolet cutoff s, the spectrum of the...

The Taylor rule constitutes the main tool policy makers rely on to guide monetary policy. In simple words, the rule is a reaction function that determines the short-term interest rate, which responds in the baseline specifications to changes in the inflation gap and the output gap. Since the...

The "hard-easy effect" is a well-known cognitive bias on self-confidence calibration that refers to a tendency to overestimate the probability of success in hard-perceived tasks, and to underestimate it in easy-perceived tasks. This paper provides a target-based foundation for this effect, and...

Approximate Incremental Value-at-Risk formulae provide an easy-to-use preliminary guideline for risk allocation. Both the cases of risk adding and risk pooling are examined and beta-based formulae achieved. Results highlight how much the conditions for adding new risky positions are stronger...

As we leave behind the assumption of normality in return distributions, the classical risk-reward Sharpe Ratio becomes a questionable tool for ranking risky projects. In the spirit of Sharpe thinking, a more general risk-reward ratio Phi suitable to compare skewed return distributions with...

How does market trend sentiment affect investors' asymmetric loss-gain tradeoffs? Several empirical tests indicate that investors are far more loss adverse during bull markets than during bear markets (see Hwang and Satchell, 2010; Hofschire et al, 2013). In this paper we provide a sound theoretical...

Thaler and Sunstein (2008) introduce two stereotypical decision makers: the Econs, imaginary people who always behave as strictly rational expected utility maximizers, and the Humans, real people subject to ordinary behavioral biases. This note sheds light on how the axiomatic target-oriented...

In their pioneering works on prospect theory Kahneman and Tversky (1979, 1992) propose the ground-breaking idea that in making decisions under risk individuals evaluate asymmetrically losses and gains against to a personal reference point. According to the Kahneman and Tversky (1979) statement...

Since Shalit and Yitzhalit (1984) the Mean-Extended Gini (MEG) has been proposed as a workable alternative to the classical Markowitz mean-variance CAPM. Although MEG keeps under control the risk belonging to the left-tail of the return distribution, small attention is reserved to potential...

Bid and ask prices tailored to the traders' risk-aversion and gain-propension are defined. Risk and gain premia are given by the Extended Gini indices, where the characteristic parameter captures the traders' perception of the under-performance and over-performance of the asset. Sufficient and...