During the 1980s and the 1990s, private investment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has on average shown a decreasing or stagnant trend. This contrasts with the situation of the Asian economies, where private investment has always been more dynamic. In this paper, it is empirically...

We study Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems (CVRPs) in which the client demands occur over time and the collector or distributor performing the service can decide when to visit the clients. It has been reported in the literature that postponement of collection (or delivery) services may...

The Multi-Compartment Vehicle Routing Problem involves clients with a demand for different products and vehicles with several compartments to co-transport these commodities. We present a local search procedure that explores well-known moves (2-opt, cross, exchange, relocate), and exploits the...