This empirical article describes the spatial dimension of R&D expenditures in the business enterprise sector in Belgium. When looking at the regional dispersion of GDP per employee between 1992 and 1999 at the "regional", "provincial", and "district" level, we find that the inequality grows and...

We analyze behavioral additionality effects related to wage-based R&D tax credits and their dependence on the joint use of R&D subsidies. Using a matching approach combined with multivariate probit analyses on survey data of Belgian firms in 2006-2010, we find that tax credits cause firms not to...

This paper starts from the observation that the majority of firms in Belgium that were eligible for a newly introduced R&D tax credit system does not use it, or is slow to adopt, despite significant potential cost savings. We hypothesize that the R&D support landscape is complex for firms to...

Survey evidence suggests that firms are insufficiently aware of newly introduced R&D support measures due to the complexity of the public support landscape. As a result, adoption is slow and incomplete, implying that eligible firms leave money on the table. We hypothesize that a key coping...