Loading ships as they are unloaded (double-cycling) can improve the efficiency of a quay crane and thus container port. This paper describes the double-cycling problem, and presents two solution algorithms and simple formulae to estimate reductions in the number of operations, and operating...

The denitrification of low C/N ratio wastewater usually faces the issues of slow rate and low efficiency. Nitrogen removal rate can be greatly improved through heterotrophic denitrification by adding sufficient carbon source, but would greatly add the treatment cost. In this study, we report...