contributes to the literature in two critical ways. First, the research attempts to develop a map of the transition risk of the EU …. In detail, it defines an indicator that will identify the transition risk the EU bears. Second, it analyzes any …

-reporting their direct GHG emissions by up to a magnitude comparable to the largest annual reduction of EU emissions in history. On …

of the EU institutions. In substantive terms, the focus is on climate policy, and in particular on the setting of … greenhouse gas (GHG) emission limits for individual EU member states, as agreed by the Council of Ministers in a so …-called “burden-sharing” agreement. This agreement is arguably “the most successful EU climate policy achievement so far” (Wettestad …

” frontier for carbon removal and storage strategies in the EU and beyond. However, the ocean is not an “open frontier”; rather … ocean as a global commons. The EU and its Member States need to clarify the balance between the protection and use paradigms …