contract - to those of its neighbours in Southern Africa. It is the result of the specific character of poverty in Botswana and …Botswana's welfare state is both a parsimonious laggard in comparison with some other middle-income countries in Africa … the enduring, but not unchallenged, political dominance of the conservatively paternalist Botswana Democratic Party. …

children in the income distributions, and to calculate child poverty prevalence, to assess how far children receive transfers … concentrated in the lower quintiles and have higher child poverty prevalence than for adults, but receive lower social protection … both universal and targeted, anti-poverty, outcomes. Different versions of simple static and purely arithmetic micro …

Children of single mothers face higher rates of poverty than children in two-parent households in practically every … poverty and, as a result, little consensus on the best way to address poverty among these children. Explanations include both … market activity affect child poverty generally in the expected way. Taking advantage of the longitudinal data at the country …

social policy better reduces poverty than social policies targeted at the poor. This article revisits Korpi and Palme … average share of household income from welfare transfers), low-income targeting, and universalism - and poverty and … developed and developing countries. Consistent with Korpi and Palme, we show (1) poverty is negatively associated with transfer …

Dual or multiple earnership has been considered an important factor to prevent in-work poverty. The aim of this paper … is to quantify the impact of second earnership on the risk of in-work poverty and the role of the tax-benefit systems in … in preventing in-work poverty. This is done by simulating a counterfactual scenario where second earners become …

lives of children and families and how governments respond to economic crises. We calculate child poverty rates before and …, and less unionization. While prior studies have examined within-country and cross-country variation in child poverty …, we quantify the impact that market, social policy transfers, and taxes had on child poverty. Last, within countries, we …

We provide evidence of the relative cost-effectiveness of different types of policy instrument in reducing poverty or … find that the assessment of the most cost effective instrument may depend on the measure of poverty used and the direction … and scale of the change. Nevertheless, our results indicate that the options that reduce poverty most cost-effectively in …