This paper studies the ability of long-run risk models, following Bansal and Yaron (2004) and others, to explain out-of-sample asset returns associated with the equity premium puzzle, size and book-to-market effects, momentum, reversals, and bond returns of different maturity and credit ratings....

This paper studies average and conditional expected returns in national equity markets, and their relation to a number of fundamental country attributes. The attributes are organized into three groups. The first is relative valuation ratios, such as price-to-book-value, cash-flow, earnings and...