their clients’ natural disaster risk …

In this note, the instruments supporting risk retention and risk financing at the national and regional …/international levels will be the sole focus. Risk transfer, including insurance, is a very broad subject and requires a separate discussion …; however, when a hybrid solution involves a transfer of risk or an instrument at the household or community level, a brief …

The United Nations Sendai (2015) framework aims to reduce disaster risk. We offer a careful definition and computation … of the individual and property risk targets. Selecting the largest and better studied class of “natural disasters” over … the period 1970-2018, we show that individual risk is “likely” falling, that property risk is neither rising nor falling …

risk and indemnify the damages caused by an earthquake, rather than on mitigation measures. This study assessed the impact …