We examine the impacts of physician-hospital integration on care fragmentation and other measures of care …-coordination in the relatively open plans that dominate commercial insurance, namely Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs). We … exploit the fact that physician-hospital integration levels vary dramatically across MSA and focus on orthogonal employment …

patient's expected profitability to a SNF increases the probability that a hospital self-refers that patient (i.e., to a co …

paper takes into account that upcoding can be performed by the chief physician and hospital management, with the extent of … the distortion depending on hospital’s internal decision-making process. The internal decision making can be of the …

whereby Dallas school teachers paid $6 a year to the University Hospital and were extended hospital care without further … charge [1, p. 5 ]. From this beginning grew Blue Cross plans, pioneers in the health insurance field. Commercial insurance … companies became important sellers of health insurance after 1941. More recently, independent health plans such as those …

increase hospital prices to rivals to steer demand to integrated partners. We estimate the model using administrative data on …

exclusive dealing, but hospital-insurer pairs can find it jointly profitable to apply downstream vertical restraints on third …