This paper aims to investigate the current state of play on Environmental Social and Governance (ESG) integration and check the validity of the current metrics system by assessing if it will survive the COVID-19 crisis. By adopting a qualitative research approach through semi-structured...

Georgakopoulos and Thomson examine on one recent attempt to engage and report on ecological impact. It concerned the Scottish salmon farming industry. Initially motivated by an expectation that the use of environmental accounting would be present in evaluating the decision to 'go organic', they...

At the present time, the relation between accounting praxis and risk is not well understood. Accounting praxis does not appear to regard the risk it identifies with its activities as being different from 'objective risk' - the concept of risk found in positive financial and accounting research....

Purpose – This paper reviews traditional corporate governance and accountability research, to suggest opportunities for future research in this field. The first part adopts an analytical frame of reference based on theory, accountability mechanisms, methodology, business sector/context,...

Salvo en los casos de los países mediterráneos, los ferrocarriles de los países del Cono Sur, con muy pocas excepciones, no fueron tendidos pensando en su interconexión o en el comercio con países vecinos. Sin embargo, a mediados del decenio de los años 1990, a raíz de: (i) la adopción...

This paper follows up a discussion in the authors previous work on Louis Bachelier, examining the Black Scholes Merton model and reviewing the Payoff, Profit and Value of the option contract so defined. The paper in doing so addresses the contention that a perfect hedge can be achieved finding...

This paper reviews the form of the Louis Bachelier model for the modern option contract. This enables basic model properties to be analysed and the model's key elements to be defined being the intrinsic value and the instability or option risk premium. Further the paper reviews the option...

This Short Note arises from questions about applying the Bachelier model to FRAs which arose as interest rates went negative leading to a failure of the Black 1976 model used by convention as the market price model.The paper reviews the Black '76 model form highlighting reasons for this failure....