Macaulay duration matched strategy is a key tool in bond portfolio immunization. It is well known that if term structures are not flat or changes are not parallel, then Macaulay duration matched portfolio can not guarantee adequate immunization. In this paper the approximate duration is proposed...

This paper provides a Markov chain model for the term structure and credit risk spreads of bond prices. It allows dependency between the stochastic process modeling the interest rate and the Markov chain process describing changes in the credit rating of the bonds by their mutual dependency on a...

We consider the problem of managing inventory and production capacity in a start-up manufacturing firm with the objective of maximising the probability of the firm surviving as well as the more common objective of maximising profit. Using Markov decision process models, we characterise and...

The corporate credit risk literature has many studies modelling the change in the credit risk of corporate bonds over time. There is far less analysis of the credit risk for portfolios of consumer loans. However behavioural scores, which are commonly calculated on a monthly basis by most...

Contents * A: Historical development of credit and behavioural scoring * R W Johnson: Legal, social and economic issues in implementing scoring in the US * R Eisenbeis: Problems in applying discriminant analysis in credit scoring models * M A Hopper and E M Lewis: Behaviour scoring and adaptive...

This paper constructs a new conceptual framework around the impacts of member heterogeneity on cooperative union (federated cooperative) performance considering both a union’s capital factor structure and its service link operations structure, and that governance control rights serve as an...

Using the 2015 and 2017 waves of the China Household Finance Survey, we measured financial literacy and study its relationship to households’ demand for digital finance. We found that a majority of households in the People’s Republic of China possess limited financial literacy. The low level...

Globally, the regulation of P2P lending has evolved significantly in recent years, with mostly beneficial effects on the diversification of funding for individuals and corporations. Regulatory responses have varied greatly between countries, and the characteristics of the markets that have...

Using the 2011 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) database, we explore the heterogeneous impacts of social networks on informal financial inclusion for urban and rural households in the People's Republic of China. We find that social networks significantly increase the probability of...