The computation of various risk metrics is essential to the quantitative risk management of variable annuity guaranteed benefits. The current market practice of Monte Carlo simulation often requires intensive computations, which can be very costly for insurance companies to implement and take so...

The stochastic modeling and determination of reserves and risk capitals for variable annuity guarantee products are relatively new developments in the insurance industry. The current market practice is largely based on Monte Carlo simulations, which have great engineering flexibility but the...

With the increasing complexity of investment options in life insurance, more and more life insurers have adopted stochastic modeling methods for the assessment and management of insurance and financial risks. The most prevalent approach in market practice, Monte Carlo simulation, has been...

Risk sharing has been practiced in various forms in the financial industry. This paper proposes a multi-period risk-sharing mechanism for a group of participants. The design of risk-sharing strategies is based on mean-variance optimizations of participants' terminal reserves. Such a framework...

Decentralized insurance can be used to describe risk sharing mechanisms under which participants trade risks among each other as opposed to passing risks mostly to an insurer in traditional centralized insurance. There are a wide range of decentralized practices in all kinds of forms developed...

The Chicago Board of Options Exchange (CBOE) advocates linking variable annuity (VA) fees to its trademark VIX index in a white paper (CBOE, 2013a, b). It claims that the VIX-linked fee structure has several advantages over the traditional fixed percentage fee structure. However, the evidence...

In both the past literature and industrial practice, it was often implicitly used without any justification that the classical strong law of large numbers applies to the modeling of equity-linked insurance. However, as all policyholders' benefits are linked to common equity indices or funds, the...

Peer-to-peer (P2P) insurance is a decentralized network in which participants pool their resources together to compensate those who suffer losses. It is a revival of a centuries-old practice in many ancient societies where members care for each other's financial needs in the event of misfortune....

This paper proposes a fair valuation approach to price variable annuity liabilities and embedded guarantee riders in a dynamic multi-period setting. The focus of the paper is on variable annuity with the Guaranteed Lifetime Withdrawal Benefit(GLWB) rider with exposure to both equity and...