Turkey is the only pluralist secular democracy in the Moslem world and has always targeted herself as being part of the western world and values. Turkey started to establish close economic relations with Europe by the 1963 Ankara Agreement. By 1995, Turkey abolished most of the barriers in her...

In line with the pursuit of clean and affordable energy, our study contributes to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs-7 and -13) and the global fight against climate change by offering evidence-based insights. We conducted a panel analysis of BRICS (Brazil, the Russian...