the introduction of the euro, trade imbalances among euro area members widened considerably, even after allowing for … within the euro area; a surplus of a country in a bilateral trade relationship is typically accompanied by a country …

of 18 European countries over the period from 1948 through 2008. We find that, with the introduction of the euro, trade … imbalances among euro area members widened considerably, even after allowing for permanent asymmetries in trade competitiveness … within pairs of countries or in the overall trade competitiveness of individual countries. Intra-euro area imbalances also …

and monetary union (EMU), as well as on some key problems of Stage Three that EMU’s monetary and fiscal structures … single joint currency. A third problem, one that is central for EMU and to any currency union, lies behind the difficulty of … with the provision of lender of last resort facilities in the euro zone and the framework for supervising financial …

of ECB and of the SECB, section 5 assesses the study of euro impact on Portugal and, section 6 evaluates EMU after 10 …We show the Portuguese transition to the euro, in the framework of political economics, by constructing a bivariate … confidence index, based upon Rocha de Sousa (1998, 1999a,b, 2001). Besides we try to understand if the euro functioned as an …

of various members of European Monetary Union (EMU), on the basis of their location advantages during 1980-2010 period …. The model focuses on the impact of EMU on FDI inflows and indicates that the monetary union has differentiated impact on … FDI inflows across individual member countries. Euro zone membership is statistically significant but a negative …

-euro area assets/liabilities, before stage 3 of EMU. A number of key factors determining the currency distribution of … a special emphasis on the first year of the euro. A contribution is made as to how to measure these roles, both for … identification of changes in the role of the euro during 1999 compared to the aggregate of euro predecessor currencies, net of intra …