How can IFC support its clients when their financing needs are much greater than what the IFC can deliver? How can IFC maximize its development impact and play a catalytic role? How do IFC bring together large international financial institutions (IFIs) to provide Euro 24.5 billion in financial...

This paper reviews the main types of credit enhancement approaches used to support climate debt issuances by EMDE borrowers. Fragmentation on the part of the providers of credit enhancements was identified as a major factor impeding scalability of credit-enhanced debt. The acceptance of...

International Finance Corporation (IFC) was very active in the Republic of Korea immediately after the Asian financial crisis erupted in 1997. IFC reestablished operations in Korea and opened a local office in October 1998, and closed it in late 2002 after Korea recovered from the crisis. At the...

The debate on whether natural disasters cause significant macroeconomic impacts and indeed hinder development is ongoing. Most analyses along these lines have focused on impacts on gross domestic product. This paper looks beyond this standard national accounting aggregate, and examines whether...

East Asia has experienced a dramatic decrease in output growth volatility over the past 20 years. This is good news, as output growth volatility affects poor households because of coping strategies that have long-term, harmful consequences, and the overall economy through its negative impact on...

This paper analyzes the drivers and consequences of sudden stops of capital flows. It focuses on the impact of external vulnerability on the depth and length of sudden stop crises. The authors analyze 43 developing and developed countries between 1993 and 2006. They find evidence that external...

This paper analyzes the impact of banking crises on manufacturing exports exploiting the fact that sectors differ in their needs for external financing. Relying on data from 23 banking crises episodes involving both developed and developing countries during the period 1980-2000 the authors...