The prohibition on monetary financing restricts the central bank financing of institutions within the public sectors of the EU and member states, thereby strengthening the budgetary discipline and the commitment to price stability as the primary objective of monetary policy. However, compliance...

This paper provides an overview of the impact of unconventional central bank instruments, the relevant international experiences and the room for application in Hungary. The use of unconventional instruments may be justified by the existence of financial market friction, turmoil, failure or...

This paper provides an overview of the impact of unconventional central bank instruments, the relevant international experiences and the room for application in Hungary. The use of unconventional instruments may be justified by the existence of financial market friction, turmoil, failure or...

The instruments applied by the ECB and the Fed1 during the crisis were based on similar principles, but as the ECB and the Fed function in different financial intermediary systems, they relied on different tools to respond to different types of challenges. Both institutions increased liquidity...

This paper provides an overview of the impact of unconventional central bank instruments, the relevant international experiences and the room for application in Hungary. The use of unconventional instruments may be justified by the existence of financial market friction, turmoil, failure or...

The high dependency of the domestic banking sector on foreign funds and its open on-balance-sheet foreign exchange position, as well as the considerable increase in sovereign and parent bank credit risk premia due to the sovereign debt crisis, warrant a more accurate mapping of the pricing...

During the intensifying integration of the global financial system experienced in recent years FX swap has become one of the most common financial products having the most liquid market. The scope of application of the FX swap transactions is extremely wide; they can be used for liquidity...

The Magyar Nemzeti Bank measures the trends in the liquidity of Hungarian financial markets by means of a liquidity index and a related set of liquidity sub-indices. These liquidity indices relate to the four most important domestic financial markets (the EUR/HUF spot foreign exchange market,...

The financial crisis revealed that – due to the reliance of the Hungarian banking sector on external funding – the deterioration in the liquidity position can be a significant obstacle to lending in spite of the ample forint liquidity at the system level. The Magyar Nemzeti Bank introduced...

The basic purpose of this study is to didactically demonstrate the factors shaping the currency swap stock of domestic banks prior to the crisis and to provide a descriptive analysis of how the structure and the functioning of the market changed during the crisis. The main conclusions of the...