This paper investigates how trade openness affects wage inequality of trading countries, both within and between them. Specifically, based on the theoretical literature on monopolistic competition between two asymmetric countries, we derive a new framework under the assumption of endogenous...

In this paper, we theoretically investigate the role of technology level in Global Value Chain (GVC) formation from two aspects: position and participation volume. We develop a simple two-country model where countries are heterogeneous with respect to their technology level and labor force. In...

This paper investigates the optimal dynamic paths of trade protection imposed on infant industries during the process of joining a free trade agreement. The framework is based on the dynamic learning-by-doing model developed in Melitz (2005), where industries are experiencing dynamic...

By using the empirical likelihood (EL), we consider the construction of pointwise confidence intervals (CIs) for nonparametric nonlinear nonstationary regression models with nonlinear nonstationary heterogeneous errors. It is well known that the EL-based CI has attractive properties such as data...

Game theory presents a useful analytical tool for addressing the problem of international cooperation and the formation of institutions. We first examine four problems that must be solved to achieve international cooperation: the common knowledge problem, agreement problem, compliance problem,...

The Japanese Consumer Price Index (CPI) is considered to be upwardly biased. This paper estimated the Engel curve based on National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure data to measure the bias. The estimated bias for the period 1989 to 2004 was 0.53 percentage points per annum. Correcting...