This handbook is intended to inform policy makers at various levels of decision making in health care about the technique of economic appraisal and to help them appreciate the potential roles of economic appraisal in health policy. In this context “policy makers” may be broadly defined:...

Directive 2011/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 on the application of patients' rights in cross-border health care provides rules and procedures regarding access to and reimbursement of healthcare received abroad. In complement to Regulations 883/2004 and...

Directive 2011/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 on the application of patients' rights in cross-border health care provides rules and procedures regarding access to and reimbursement of healthcare received abroad. In complement to Regulations 883/2004 and...

The last twenty years has seen a substantial growth in the literature on economic evaluation in health care. In addition, since Australia made economic evaluation an important component of its decision making process on the reimbursement of drugs in 1993, several jurisdictions have adopted...

Background: Global spending on health was continuing to rise over the past 20 years. To reduce the growth rates, alleviate information asymmetry, and improve the efciency of healthcare markets, global health systems have initiated price and quality transparency tools in the hospital industry in...

We analyse incentives for collusive behaviour when heterogeneous providers are faced with regulated prices under two forms of yardstick competition, namely discriminatory and uniform schemes. Providers are heterogeneous in the degree to which their interests correspond to those of the regulator,...

The English government has encouraged private providers – known as Independent Sector Treatment Centres (ISTCs) – to treat publicly funded (NHS) patients. Providers are paid a fixed price per patient treated, adjusted to reflect geographical differences in input costs. But there may be other...