We introduce and discuss the test space problem as a part of the whole copula fitting process. In particular, we explain how an efficient copula test space can be constructed by taking into account information about the existing dependence. Although our model is developed in a bivariate...

We introduce and discuss a new parametric copula builder which is named the “? construction method”. The methodology is explained and illustrated using 3 types of ? functions. It shows that the ? method has strong visual advantages for recognizing key dependence characteristics and importing...

The distribution of the present value of a series of cash flows under stochastic interest rates has been investigated by many researchers. One of the main problems in this context is the fact that the calculation of exact analytical results for this type of distributions turns out to be rather...

In most practical cases, it is impossible to find an explicit expression for the distribution function of the present value of a sequence of cash flows that are discounted using a stochastic return process.In this paper, we present an easy computable approximation for this distribution function....