We document that the likelihood of an analyst following a supplier-customer firm pair increases with the strength of the economic ties along the supply chain, as measured by the percent of the supplier's sales to the customer. Analysts who follow a covered firm's customer provide more accurate...

We study the market impact of a very successful financial innovation – the SPDR Gold Trust exchange-traded fund (GLD). GLD holds physical gold, and provides traders with a convenient and cost-effective way to gain exposure to gold. We find that after the introduction of GLD, the liquidity of...

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, Shanghai implemented lockdown measures to stop transmission of the virus. Over 26 million residents, including 0.8 million children aged 3-6, were confined at home. This study leveraged a city-wide cohort of preschool children - the Shanghai...

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, Shanghai implemented lockdown measures to stop transmission of the virus. Over 26 million residents, including 0.8 million children aged 3-6, were confined at home. This study leveraged a city-wide cohort of preschool children - the Shanghai...

This paper attempts to analyze the interrelationship of FAST, CPM, and the cause-effect analysis techniques in VE study. The study process is conducted by deriving one diagram from the other. It has been found that FAST, CPM, and the cause-effect diagrams can represent each other. The study...

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a comprehensive framework for societal progress and planetary health. However, it remains unclear whether universal patterns exist in how nations pursue these goals and whether key development areas are being overlooked. Here, we apply the product...

This study implies the causality-in-variance test newly developed by Hafner and Herwartz (2006) to investigate the volatility spillovers between domestic equity and bond markets in the G7 and BRICS countries. The empirical result shows that there is ethier unidirectional or bidirectional...

Optimal crop choice and fertilizer applications depend on the stochastic dynamics of commodity prices, fertilizer prices, and the agronomic effects of rotation versus monoculture. The efficient decision rule accounts for real option values associated with maintaining land disposition in an...