The informal sector in Algeria is of different approaches and informal employment is subject to indirect estimates from national employment sur-veys that are disparate. The increase in the informal sector according to the ILO results of private sector development and especially...

A pooled sample of 3,290 Algerian workers from two regional household surveys captures the determinants of access to the formal vs. informal labour market segments. Youth, female gender and low educational attainment drive informal employment. Segmentation does not preclude occupational...

The informal sector, according to ILO’s definition, nurtures to a large extent both the economic activities of the port as well as the overall economy of Djibouti. A comparative approach of two surveys carried out in 1980 (PECTA) and 2001 (PATARE) emphasizes the evolution of the various...

We test the assumptions of trade-off theory (TOT) and pecking order theory (POT) regarding corporate leverage. The dependent variable being the debt ratio, we apply a linear model upon a balanced panel data-set of 2,370 French SMEs over the period 2002 - 2010. In accordance to TOT, trade credit...

The informal sector, according to ILO’s definition, nurtures to a large extent both the economic activities of the port as well as the overall economy of Djibouti. A comparative approach of two surveys carried out in 1980 (PECTA) and 2001 (PATARE) emphasizes the evolution of the various...

The Non-Observed Economy (noe) is a convenient typology covering the whole spectrum of unrecorded household and market output (moonlighting, fraud on taxes and social security contributions, criminal activities). Macroeconomic estimates of such activities in terms of gdp proceed from various...

La microfinance se développe progressivement dans la région du Moyen-Orient et d’Afrique du Nord (MENA) à travers des institutions de microfinance (IMF) très variées. L’objectif de la plupart de ces IMF est de concilier la performance sociale (PS) qui vise à réduire la pauvreté et la...