Decentralisation in Indonesia has brought different impacts to regions following its development path dependence and institutional arrangements. This study aims to understand the role of both path dependence and institutional arrangements in the process of developing a creative city. This paper...

Since its independence, Indonesia has developed fluctuated and uneven. The financial crisis and political changes has lead to decentralization in 1999, which has entitled local governments (province and regency/municipality) to develop its region autonomously. Surprisingly, it was concern that...

Since its independence, Indonesia has experience a rapid and uneven economic growth. The financial crisis in 1998 has led Indonesia to decentralisation with a new political and government budget order in 2001. Researches found that the local government’s main expenditure are on routine...

Decentralisation in Indonesia has brought different impacts to regions following its development path dependence and institutional arrangements. This study aims to understand the role of both path dependence and institutional arrangements in the process of developing a creative city. This paper...

In explaining economic phenomena, economic analysis concentrates on selected influences and fixes the host of other factors under a ceteris paribus clause. This view, which goes back to Alfred Marshall (1842-1924), is developed in the first part of the book. Aggregation is viewed as a particular...

Life annuities provide a guaranteed income for the remainder of the recipient’s lifetime, and therefore, annuitization presents an important option when choosing an adequate investment strategy for the retirement ages. While there are numerous research articles studying annuities from a...

Even 50 years after Modigliani/Miller’s irrelevance theorem, the basic question of how firms choose their capital structure remains unclear. This survey paper aims at summarizing and discussing corresponding recent developments in empirical capital structure research, which, in our view, are...

There has been a wide-spread misconception based on the imprecise wording of Art. 52 of the European Patent Convention (EPC) that the protection of business methods by patents is prohibited in Europe. This paper investigates the legal framework set by patent laws with respect to the...

Ein Großteil der Neugründungen in Deutschland ist auf staatliche Förderung von Existenzgründern zurückzuführen. Dieser Anteil hat sich nach Einführung des als „Ich-AG“ bekannten Existenzgründungszuschusses Anfang 2003 stark erhöht. Die Erfolgsfaktorenforschung hat diese Form von...

In 2003, Swiss Re introduced a mortality-based security designed to hedge excessive mortality changes for its life book of business. The concern was apparently brevity risk, i.e., the risk of premature death. The brevity risk due to a pandemic is similar to the property risk associated with...