This paper takes stock of external audit arrangements at central banks. Its focus is on the annual audit of central bank financial statements, as well as legal and institutional measures that support audit quality and independence. The paper outlines good practices in these areas and provides a...

This paper takes stock of external audit arrangements at central banks. Its focus is on the annual audit of central bank financial statements, as well as legal and institutional measures that support audit quality and independence. The paper outlines good practices in these areas and provides a...

This contribution is an introduction to the provisions of the TEC concerning the monetary policy of the European Community. This introduction starts with an overview of the European Community's setup and its pillar structure. Subsequently the institutional framework of the European System of...

This contribution is a commentary on Article 105 European Community Treaty (TEC). This provision concerns the objectives and tasks of the European System of Central Banks and the European Central Bank. The commentary discusses the ESCB's monetary and economic objectives, and its main tasks. It...

This contribution is a commentary on Article 106 European Community Treaty (TEC). This provision concerns the Member States's, European Central Bank's, and European Council's powers concerning euro banknotes and euro coins. The commentary assesses the ECB's exclusive right to authorise the issue...

This contribution is a commentary on Article 107 European Community Treaty (TEC). This provision concerns certain institutional aspects of the European System of Central Bank (ESCB) and the EU Council's powers to set out the limits and conditions regarding a variety of activities of the European...

This contribution is a commentary on Article 109 European Community Treaty (TEC). This provision concerns the European Union Member States' duty to ensure that their national legislation including the statutes of their national central banks (NCBs) are compatible with the TEC and the Statute of...

This contribution is a commentary on Article 110 European Community Treaty (TEC). This provision concerns the regulatory powers of the European Central Bank. The commentary discusses the scope of these powers, the procedural requirements laid down in the TEC and the judicial review of the ECB's...

This contribution is a commentary on Article 111 European Community Treaty (TEC). This provision concerns several aspects of the European Community's external monetary policy, namely the exchange rate systems and policies in relation to non-Community currencies, the agreements concerning...