The article presents changes in trade flows of added value between ASEAN and China in the years 1995-2020. The article aims to assess the intensity of value-added flows in trade links between ASEAN and China. The article tried to answer whether the ASEAN economies and China take part equally in...

The trade relations between Poland and China have been highly unbalanced. Taking into account the fact that standard trade flows do not reflect the real position of the economy in production links, it was decided to analyse the value-added flows. The goal of the study is to identify the...

China’s agriculture has passed significant metamorphosis after 1978. Although in comparison to agrarian sectors in developed countries, China’s sector lags behind in terms of technology. The aim of this article is to present the institutional changes in China’s agriculture after 1949,...

This article discusses the features of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) created from accumulated foreign reserves in African countries that export commodities. The author describes the investment targets of African SWFs, using empirical data and a research method based on a detailed analysis of...