This report shows that progress has been achieved in the European Union in many areas connected to political participation of people with disabilities since the agency first reported on this issue in 2010. All Member States and the EU have ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with...

This handbook provides an overview of key aspects of non-discrimination law in Europe, with specific reference to the prohibition of discrimination provided in the Council of Europe’s European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), as interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), and...

Religious scholars, clerics, representatives of religious communities and human rights experts explored the shared space of religion and human rights at a highlevel expert meeting organised by the European Union's independent centre for fundamental rights excellence, the EU Agency for...

Finding the right balance between promoting children’s right to participate in procedures that affect their lives and protecting them from harm remains a challenge in the field of justice. Member States address this in various ways, including by setting minimum age requirements for certain...

The lives of children are affected by migration procedures which determine their status and whether they are treated as a minor or an adult, and therefore not entitled to special child protection measures. The methods used to determine the age of an applicant may include 'invasive' medical tests...

Europe’s migration and security challenges have prompted the European Union (EU) to develop and enhance multiple large-scale information technology systems (IT systems). Policy and legal developments in this area are evolving rapidly. The European Commission has proposed amending the legal...

European societies are not getting any younger! It is a simple truth we must face both about ourselves and Europe as a whole. In two generations, by 2080, those aged 65 or above will account for almost 30 % of the European Union’s population. In modern and fast-paced societies, ‘older’...

This report is one of four by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) that looks at closely related issues, institutions and EU legislation, which contribute to the overarching architecture of fundamental rights in the European Union. The building blocks of this fundamental rights...