This paper focuses on solving the knapsack problem with forfeits (KPF). This variation of the knapsack problem includes soft conflicts or forfeits, where forfeit pairs consist of two items and an associated penalty. The proposed method combines the fixed set search (FSS) metaheuristic's learning...

The use of shipping containers for the transport of goods has become indispensable and a crucial factor for globalization by providing inexpensive and safe transport opportunities. It is expected that the number of globally operating containers will increase in the near future. Despite a high...