literature, such as (i) whether excluding group identity from use in training the algorithm is optimal and (ii) whether there are … less discriminatory alternatives to a given algorithm. In addition, we construct an estimator for the distance between a … given algorithm and the fairest point on the frontier, and characterize its asymptotic distribution. Using Monte Carlo …

invalid in this case. Given the success of empirical econometrics, this leads to the question: Why has econometric inference …