Economic studies that aim at comparing the patent system social efficiency versus an ex-post reward system rest on a traditional view of patents. They make the hypothesis that firms use the patent system only in order to be granted a short-term monopoly rent and therefore that patents lead to...

This paper explores entrepreneurship in biotech through the in depth analysis of four new ventures located in the Upper-Rhine Biovalley. One of the strengths of this paper is the presence of both successful cases of entrepreneurship and of cases of failures. This gives the opportunity to discuss...

Au-delà de ses fonctions en termes de protection et de financement de l’innovation, le brevet est aussi un instrument de médiation et un support d’interactions. Dans le cas du développement des nouveaux vaccins issus du génie génétique, nous montrons qu’il est une composante...

The standard view of patents emphasizes their dynamic efficiency. It considers that, by providing firms with incentives to invest in R&D and to disclose their knowledge, patents encourage innovation and increase social welfare in the long run. Yet, a growing body of literature opposes this view...

L'innovation ouverte reste un concept très large, un peu fourre-tout, dont les frontières, les formes et les enjeux doivent encore d'être clarifiés. C'est précisément ce que nous nous proposons de faire dans cette contribution. Dans un premier temps, nous définissons le concept...

Résumé : Cet article s’intéresse aux conséquences du brevet d’invention dans la science. Une enquête par questionnaire menée auprès de 280 inventeurs académiques français conduit à de nouveaux résultats concernant l’impact du brevet sur la diffusion des connaissances...

Cet article présente une expérience naturelle où une commune française a décidé de sanctionner financièrement les parents venant chercher leurs enfants avec retard dans les centres de loisirs communaux. Après un an de mise en oeuvre de ce dispositif, contrairement aux conclusions...

when envisaged as providing an upstream open knowledge platform into which firms can tap in order to develop downstream applications. We conclude by presenting two examples that fit our definition of open source innovation: the case of open source biology (Hope, 2008) and the case of creative...

Beyond their function of protecting and rewarding innovation, patents are increasingly used as mediation instruments and as vehicles for interactions. Focusing on the development of new, genetically engineered vaccines, we show that they are central components of the production of innovation. A...

In France patents go to the first to file the patent application and not to the first to invent. Yet, this system is combined with a rule of prior user right that grants to first inventors the right to continue to use and commercialise their invention although it has been patented by another...