This paper examines the trade-off between the length of treatment days and the units of service provided per day for elderly patients in the context of the initiative taken by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan to discourage lengthy hospital treatment and/or stay by elderly patients. By...

This study aimed to explore the impact of retirement on health through the application of a fixed effects instrumental variable model to harmonized longitudinal data obtained from 35 countries. Women exhibited improved cognitive function, physical independence, and self-rated health after...