Time-weighted average (TWA) exposure had been as a surrogate for personal air exposure in some large-scale studies. However, the uncertainties of TWA exposure remained to be discussed although its boundedness had been widely recognized. This work aimed to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of...

Using a hand-collected data, we provide evidence of extensive use of commodity derivative in hedging among U.S oil and gas producers. We find large variations in hedging intensity and hedging profits while on average they generate significant positive profits. The profits relate positively to...

Beginning in the mid 1990s, China sped up its urban labor market reform and drastically restructured its state-owned enterprises (SOEs), which resulted in massive layoff of the SOEs' workers and a high unemployment rate. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the parents' job loss on the...

In 2007, China launched a subsidized voluntary public health insurance program, the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance, for urban residents without formal employment, including children, the elderly, and other unemployed urban residents. We estimate the impact of this program on health care...

This paper analyzes urban–rural disparities of China's child health and nutritional status using the China Health and Nutrition Survey data from 1989 to 2006. We investigate degrees of health and nutritional disparities between urban and rural children in China as well as how such disparities...

This paper examines the role of social learning in household enrollment decisions for the New Cooperative Medical Scheme in rural China by estimating a static game with incomplete information. Using a rich dataset from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, we find that the social network...

We investigate ownership effects on capital adjustment in China from 2000 - 2012 and find that state-owned banks hold higher capital than other ownership types. Foreign banks are more highly capitalized than local non-state banks but under-capitalized compared with bigger non-state banks with a...

They do so as a strategy for assets expansion. We find that, relative to the control group, U.S. SEO banks increased not only in their capital ratios but also deposits and assets in the years post-SEO. The newly raised funds are invested mainly in retail loans. The overall risk is increased and...