The global private infrastructure industry has experienced rapid growth over the past fifteen years, attracting some 1,700 companies. In the past, infrastructure was generally managed by national single-sector utilities, but technological and regulatory change has allowed companies to cross...

This paper develops a method of testing levels of economic integration based upon consumption smoothing, and tests it using data on trade balances across Canadian provinces. The results indicate the provinces are highly integrated within Canada, but integration between Canada and the rest of the...

Reconstruction and development. The Bretton Woods conference of 1944 gave rise to a set of global economic institutions - the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD or World Bank) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT),...