In August 1999, U.S. exchanges began to compete directly for order flow in many options that had been exclusively listed on another exchange, shifting 37 percent of option volume to multiple-listing status by the end of September. Effective and quoted bid-ask spreads decrease significantly after...

Since the global financial crisis of 2007-09, policymakers and academics have advocated the use of prudential policy tools to reduce the risks that could inhibit the financial sector’s ability to intermediate credit. The use of such tools in the service of financial stability is often called...

Since the global financial crisis of 2007-09, policymakers and academics around the world have advocated the use of prudential tools for macroprudential purposes. This paper presents a macroprudential tabletop exercise that aimed at confronting Federal Reserve Bank presidents with a plausible,...

Since the global financial crisis of 2007-09, policy makers and academics around the world have advocated the use of prudential tools for macroprudential purposes. This paper presents a macroprudential tabletop exercise that aimed at confronting Federal Reserve Bank presidents with a plausible,...

Since the global financial crisis of 2007-09, policy makers and academics around the world have advocated the use of prudential tools for macroprudential purposes. This paper presents a macroprudential tabletop exercise that was aimed at confronting Federal Reserve Bank Presidents with a...

We examine how useful the popular Loughran and McDonald (2011, LM) tonal word lists are for extracting information in IPO prospectuses about first-day returns. We find that there is much more information in word use than captured by the LM tonal lists. We show that the connection between LM...

We model the decision to exhaust depth by high speed traders, which either flips the best bid or ask quote to the opposite side or widens the spread. Such events are common and often revert to the previous best quote levels. Consistent with the model, such quote flipping results in large trade...